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The rebounded prices for crude oil help the production of shale oil and gas to recover, after the all-time low in 2016. Manufacturing costs for shale oil and gas, specifically in the United States, have also fallen by almost 25-30% in the last few years, resulting in increased production from these sources. The United States
Kline’s July 2017 edition of the Base Stock Production and Re-refining Cash Margins Index, which characterizes recent cash margin contributions in the U.S. base oil market, indicates market turbulence since 3rd Quarter 2016. The Index estimates cash margin contributions associated with U.S. Group II base stock production. It simulates EBITDA before the deduction of corporate
In January 2014, Kline & Company, a worldwide consulting and research firm serving needs of organizations in the lubricants and base stocks industry, introduced its monthly Base Stock Margin Index, a characterization of recent cash margin contributions in the U.S. base oil market over the past 24 months. The Index estimates cash margin contributions associated
Kline projects that global crude oil demand to be about 89 MMbbls/d (million barrels per day) by 2030. Of this, the share of heavy oil resources is expected to be about 15 MMbbls/d. Current global utilization of heavy crude oil stands at about 11.5 MMbbls/day. Considering the decline in production in the coming years, an
